ABSTRACT
SHENMAI injection, a prescription comprised of Panax ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicas, is being extensively applied in the field of cardio-protection and immune-modulation in China. Ginsenosides are the main active components in SHENMAI injection. In order to capture and analyze the pharmacokinetic profile of major ginsenosides of SHENMAI injection in Beagle dogs, liquid chromatography equipped with electro-spray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry method was applied in simultaneous determination for protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside [Re, Rf, Rg1], protopanaxadiol type ginsenoside [Rb2, Rb1, Rd, Rc] and oleanolic acid type ginsenoside [Ro]. A C18 column [150 × 2.1mm, 5micro m] and a linear gradient program were used to achieve chromatographic separation, with 0.02% acetic acid solution and acetonitrile. I.S. and ginsenosides were detected by LC-MS/MS in selective reaction mode. Good linearity spanning 5- 1500ng/mL was achieved with the R[2] values higher than 0.99 for all analytes. Limit of quantification of all analytes were 3ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions ranges from 0.47 to15.68 % and accuracies were within the range of 85.27-117.57%. Validated analyzing method was then used in the pharmacokinetic experiment for SMI in dogs. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic profile of protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and oleanolic acid type ginsenoside were significant difference in dogs. Protopanaxadiol type ginsenosides exhibited an extremely higher level of exposure and a much slower elimination process. Whereas protopanaxatriol type ginsenosides were quickly eliminated. We concluded that 20 [S] - protopanaxadiol type ginseno sides could be a potential pharmacokinetic marker of SHENMAI injection
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Objective To discuss the characteristic of brachial plexus root avulsion injury of high resolution MR imaging and the value in diagnosing of brachial plexus root avulsion injury early.Methods Fourty-five cases of brachial plexus root avulsion injury patients had being used for investigation to find the characteristic and diagnostic value of MR image of brachial plexus root avulsion injury,which all have pre-operative MR imaging and were diagnosed brachial plexus root avulsion injury by intra-operative exploration and electrophysiology form February 2006 to February 2011.Results Post-traumatic spinalmeningolceles were seen in 42 cases,the frequency was 93.3％; Displacement of spinal cord was seen in 25 cases,the frequency was 55.6％; Absence of anterior and posterior root of spinal nerve was seen in 8 eases,the frequency was 17.8％;Black line sign was seen in 18 cases,the frequency was 40.0％.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of MRI in diagnosing brachial plexus root injury were 95.7％,77.8％ and 94.6％ respectively.Conclusion Posttraumatic spinalmeningolceles are most often seen in MR of brachial plexus root avulsion injury,this sign can play an important role in diagnosing and treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion injury.
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Objective: To investigate the mRNA and protein expression of cyclin E1 (CCNE1) in gastric carcinoma tissues, and to evaluate its relationship with the development and progression of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Oncomine (a cancer microarrays database) was used to analyze the expression of CCNE1 in gastric carcinoma. The mRNA expression of CCNE1 was detected in 34 paired carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues by SYBR Green real-time PCR. Meanwhile, tissue chip/tissue microarray (TMA) technique and immunohistochemistry method were adopted to detect the protein expression of CCNE1 in the 34 matched tissues. Results: The CCNE1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the primary carcinoma tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.001); the CCNE1 mRNA expression levels in stage I + II and stage III + IV gastric cancer tissues were both significantly up-regulated (P = 0.042, P = 0.016). The positive rate of CCNE1 protein was significantly higher in primary carcinoma tissues (41.2%, 14/34) than those in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues (0, 0/34) and gastritis tissues (0, 0/34, P = 0.01). CCNE1 protein expression was significantly different in gastric cancer tissues of different differentiation degrees, invasion depths, and lymph node metastasis statues (P<0.05). Conclusion: Up-regulated expression of CCNE1 may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma, and detection of CCNE1 may provide reference for diagnosis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a three-dimensional model to demonstrate the relation between the anterior branches of lumbosacral 4,5, lumbosacral trunk, and the pelvis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An formaldehyde-fixed adult cadaver was dissected to expose the anterior branches of the lumbar nerves 4 and 5, lumbosacral trunk and the sacroiliac. The mixture of titanium powder and adhesive was smeared on the surface of the major branches of L4 and L5 nerves, lumbosacral trunk, femoral nerves and obturator nerves. As soon as the mixture solidified, the specimen was scanned by spiral CT at 3 mm intervals to obtain 159 two-dimensional sectional images for three-dimensional model reconstruction on a personal computer using the software 3-D DOCTOR.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>The reconstructed model can well demonstrate the spatial relation between the nerves and the pelvis, and allows rotation in every direction, which at the same time can be conveniently applied for purpose of clinical teaching.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Cadaver , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Lumbosacral Plexus , Diagnostic Imaging , Lumbosacral Region , Diagnostic Imaging , Pelvic Bones , Diagnostic Imaging , Pelvis , Diagnostic Imaging , Radiography , Sacroiliac Joint , Diagnostic Imaging , Spinal Nerves , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the survival of hand allograft under the state of immunosuppression and the pathological changes of rejection in the recovery process.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The biopsies of the skin, nerve, muscle, tendon and bone tissue of hand allografts during different stages from 1 day to 7 months after operation were observed using routine histological technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant changes due to rejection in skin, nerve, muscle and bone tissue were observed. But different degrees of weak rejective changes were found on the wall of blood vessels; in the muscle and nerve the reactions were markedly stronger than those found in skin tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rejection in deep tissues should be monitored in controlling the rejection of hand allograft.</p>